Saturday, August 30, 2014

What Perlstein Says




Rick Perlstein Credit Illustration by Jillian Tamaki

Do people still read before bed? I play Words With Friends. Be that as it may, the book that’s been most monopolizing my attentions is the massive chronicle by the conservative movement activist Craig Shirley on the campaign that elected our 40th president, “Rendezvous With Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign that Changed America.” Also (though not a book; they’re online) I’ve been reading all the “Doonesbury” strips from the fall of 1976 through January of 1980, seriatim. I once heard that Anthony Trollope, after writing the last page of a novel, would immediately whip out a new sheet to start writing the next. I suppose that’s what I’m doing with these books I’ve been writing on the history of conservatism — “The Invisible Bridge,” which tells the story through the summer of 1976, is the third, and now I’m starting in on the fourth and last, which goes through November 1980.
What was the last truly great book you read? 
A volume of Chekhov’s short stories. I don’t read many popular histories like the ones I write. The building blocks for my research are scholarly monographs, and the inspiration for my storytelling style are folks like Chekhov. His masterful long short story “A Woman’s Kingdom,” about a forlorn heiress saddled against her will with the job of running the family business, precisely exemplifies what I’m aiming to accomplish in my history writing: to sympathetically reimagine the points of view of people from all genders, ideologies and social identities.
Who are the best historians writing today?
I look to historians for their power to illuminate not just the invisible lineaments of the present, but also that which is not present. What are the roads that were not taken that most shape our own time? Lately, the historian who’s been doing that best is Nelson Lichtenstein, who parlayed a career writing about midcentury capitalism and industrial unionism into extraordinarily penetrating accounts of why the economic regime we live under today is so deeply unsatisfying. One abandoned idea documented in his most recent book, “A Contest of Ideas: Capital, Politics, and Labor,” haunts me. Powerful people in the Democratic Party, like Senator Robert Wagner of New York, used to insist that the job of liberalism was to penetrate the “black box” of the corporation and turn the workplace into a more democratic institution. They believed that to leave decision-making in the great firms that dominate our lives merely to owners (as opposed to, say, the system of “co-determination” between labor and management under which the German economy now thrives) was no less than a violation of the Constitution’s 13th Amendment, which outlawed involuntary servitude. Now that such thinking is rare as a unicorn — and workers all but belong to their bosses during their working day — no wonder it’s hard to win the allegiance of the white working class to the Democrats.
And who today are the best writers on American politics? 
There are two, and they both are bloggers. One, Corey Robin of Brooklyn College, is also a political theorist; his book “The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism From Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin” provides the most convincing account about what right-wing habits of mind are ultimately all about. His humane and erudite blog — and its spirited commenters — deepen that conversation. A favorite theme is the emptiness of right-wing notions of “freedom” that actually leave us less free. See, for instance, his work on “Lavatory and Liberty,” which points out that the government doesn’t even enforce the right to bathroom breaks at work. What could be a greater insult to liberty than that? 
My other favorite political writer, Heather Parton, blogs under the name “Digby.” Daily for over 10 years she’s been unleashing a fire hose of brilliance on the fecklessness of the Democrats, the craziness of the Republicans and especially the way that what we now call the “culture wars” has been seared into our national DNA at least since the Civil War. In the acknowledgments to “Nixonland,” I called her the other half of my brain.
In researching your latest volume of history, which books were most useful to you? Any unexpected gems you came across during the process? 
There’s this lovable old curmudgeon who’s been kicking around Washington Republican circles since the 1960s, Victor Gold — he was deputy press secretary for Barry Goldwater’s presidential campaign — who published a marvelous behind-the-scenes account of the 1976 campaigns, “PR as in President,” that revealed the back-room mechanics of politics more revealingly than any book since Joe McGinniss’s “The Selling of the President” (1969). I don’t think very many people read it — this I know because he reveals a secret about Ronald Reagan’s performance at the Republican National Convention that year that even the most die-hard Reagan obsessives don’t seem to know about, which let me end my book with a surprise kicker. (I could tell you what it is here, but that would be a spoiler.)
On an entirely different note, I somehow stumbled on “Bare Feet, Iron Will: Stories From the Other Side of Vietnam’s Battlefields,” an obscure book by James G. Zumwalt, the son of none other than the admiral who commanded naval forces in Vietnam, Elmo (Bud) Zumwalt. It’s a revelatory oral history of what everyday life was like on the North Vietnamese side of the war. He says he wrote it in the interests of helping American veterans heal, by humanizing the enemy, which may not work: It drives home better than any book I’ve read why the war was such a futile, impossible waste. Both the North Vietnamese and the insurgents in the South simply believed themselves to the depths of their souls to be fighting for the very survival of their way of life. Every American bomb dropped on the North, and every village the U.S. “pacified” in the South, only made them more determined: We lost when we “won.” It helped me shape a major theme of my own book: that America’s blunt confrontation with the ravages Vietnam wrought upon America’s civic soul, after the fall of Saigon in 1975, was a very healthy thing — and that the forces associated with Ronald Reagan’s rise did our nation no favors by helping citizens turn their back on that reckoning.
What kind of reader were you as a child? 
A late reader. I picked up “Go, Dog. Go!” and started reading aloud from it when I was 6 or 7. Been working on catching up since then.
If you had to name one book that made you who you are today, what would it be?
It might just be “The Marxist Minstrels: A Handbook on Communist Subversion of Music” (1974), by the fundamentalist minister David Noebel. Back when I was 16, when I should have been doing normal high school things, I availed myself of my brand new driver’s license to spend as much time as possible in Milwaukee’s Renaissance Book Shop, a tumbledown five-story warehouse that the city was finally able to close down in 2011 for safety reasons. It was my teenage paradise. There, I perused Black Panther manifestoes that spelled America with a “KKK” in the middle, and treatises like “The Marxist Ministrels,” which argued that the Beatles were a Communist plot. (Dr. Noebel is still a fixture on the Tea Party circuit.) Inhaling texts like these — along with lots and lots of Renaissance Book Shop dust — first ignited my passion for studying America’s culture wars.
If you could require the president to read one book, what would it be? 
The Book of Job, maybe. It’s the best story I know at driving home the fact that the world just isn’t always a reasonable place. Not grasping that, I think, is Barack Obama’s tragic flaw: He still seems to stubbornly believe that if he just explains clearly and calmly enough to his friends across the aisle why his ideas will bring the greatest good to the greatest number, there’ll finally be no more Red America and no more Blue America. But my 18 years studying conservatism has convinced me the right just doesn’t work that way — they’re fighting for civilization stakes, and he’s a liberal, so, Q.E.D., he’s the enemy. His longing to compromise with them just ends up driving the political center in America further to the right.
Disappointing, overrated, just not good: What book did you feel you were supposed to like, and didn’t? Do you remember the last book you put down without finishing?
I have a weird habit — I’m not proud of it — of putting down novels 50 pages or so before the end. I did it most recently with Sinclair Lewis’s “Main Street” (though I made it all the way through the book he ripped off, Flaubert’s “Madame Bovary”). I even did it with George Eliot’s “Middlemarch” — what’s up with that? Perhaps a question for the psychoanalyst’s couch.
What’s the one book you wish someone else would write?
I used to think some history graduate student looking for a dissertation topic should do a biography of Robert Welch, the founder of the John Birch Society. Back then I thought of it as akin to studying some middling Romantic poet: worthy but slightly marginal. Now I think it’s a project ripe for some top-shelf biographer’s plucking. The Birch Society is thriving within the conservative “mainstream” — did you know, for instance, that the Muslim Brotherhood has thoroughly infiltrated the Obama White House? You can read all about it in National Review 50 years after its founder, William F. Buckley, purged Birchers and their crazy conspiracies from his pages in the 1960s. 
Whom would you choose to write your life story?
Is Anton Chekhov available? Sometimes I think he knows me better than I know myself, even when he’s ostensibly writing about Russian ladies over a hundred years ago.
What do you plan to read next?
“Mad About the Seventies: The Best of the Decade,” by “the Usual Gang of Idiots.” The second half. I’ve already read the first part, up to the fall of 1976.

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